Youth in the Movements documents the history of the rise of American high school and youth activism in the United States since the Second World War. Spaces within high schools and the adults at them provided support or inspiration – both negative and positive – for youth engaged in protest, organizing, and activism. Through rich research of archival sources and oral histories, contributors reveal new perspectives on American high school and youth activism. Viewed through the eyes of high school-aged youth around the United States – in familiar locations such as Boston, New York City, and Detroit, as well as less familiar locales in the historiography, such as Salt Lake City and the Navajo Reservation – we extend our understanding of high school and how it has been experienced by youth activists in the post-World War II period.
Contents
Introduction
Part 1: Self-Determination, Transnationalism, and the Fight for Educational Opportunity
Chapter 1: “’We Have to Credit the Young People’: Protesting Students and the Navajo Struggle for Educational Self-Determination, 1971-1973”
Carlos Cantú
Chapter 2: “’The question of Puerto Rican independence is hot among youth right now’: Colonial-Transnational High School Activism in Postwar New York City, 1948-1975”
Lauren Lefty
Chapter 3: “Understanding the Black Student United Front and Their Push for Black Studies: The Detroit Public Schools during the Black Power Era”
David Walton
Part 2: Urban Activism, School Desegregation, and the Rise of the School-to-Prison Nexus
Chapter 4: “From ‘Stay-outs’ to Pushouts: Black Student Activism in Boston, 1963-1979” Matthew Kautz
Chapter 5: “‘Give us an Opportunity to Compete’: Black Activism, Student Politics, and School Desegregation at a New Orleans High School”
Walter Stern
Chapter 6: “‘We Feel No Discrimination Exists in Our School’: High School Student Activism in Salt Lake City, Utah, 1970-2019”
Nicole Wilson Steffes, Sonny Partola, Maeve Wall, and Alexander Hyres
Part 3: Civil Rights, Gender Equality, and Wartime Activism in the United States
Chapter 7: “The ‘Backbone and Organizers’: High School Students in the Anti-Vietnam War Movement”
Aaron Fountain
Chapter 8: “’Anything You Want to Be’: Coalitions and Conflicts between Adult and Teenage Second-Wave Feminists”
Kera Lovell
Chapter 9: “’It’s People Like You We Need in the White House’: Anti–Civil Rights Youth, George Wallace, and 1960s Campaign Activism”
Susan Eckelmann-Berghel
Chapter 10: Mobilizing the Marginalized: Mexican Americans, Civil Rights, and the Making of a Movement in Post-World War II Arizona
Darius V. Echeverria
Conclusion
Dara Walker, Alexander Hyres, and Jon Hale
Notes
Notes on Contributors
Index
Dara Walker an assistant professor of African American studies, history, and women's, gender, and sexuality studies at the Pennsylvania State University.
Alexander Hyres is an assistant professor in the history of United States education at the University of Utah. He is the author of Protest and Pedagogy: Charlottesville's Black Freedom Struggle and the Making of the American High School and his writing has appeared in the Journal of African American History, Journal of the History of Child and Youth, Teachers College Record, and The Washington Post.
Jon Hale is a professor of education and educational history at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign. He has published serval books, including the award-winning book, The Freedom Schools. Hale’s research is featured in outlets including TIME, The Atlantic, and The Washington Post.
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